INC-5 in Busan: Wins, Challenges, and What’s Next for Tackling Plastic Pollution

(Source Credits: Geneva Environment Network)

The fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-5) took place in Busan, South Korea, from November 25 to December 1, 2024. It brought together representatives from over 170 countries to work on a global treaty to tackle plastic pollution. While there was progress, many challenges still need to be addressed. Here’s a simple breakdown of what happened.

The Good

1. Focus on the Bigger Picture

Delegates agreed on the need to address plastic pollution at every stage—from how plastics are made to how they’re disposed of. This “lifecycle approach” is a big step toward finding comprehensive solutions.

2. Recognizing Different Needs

Not every country faces plastic pollution the same way. Richer nations have resources to manage waste, while poorer ones struggle. INC-5 made it clear that support—like funding and technology—is essential to help less-developed nations manage plastic pollution.

3. Highlighting the Role of Waste Collectors

For the first time in these discussions, there was greater acknowledgment of the crucial role played by waste collectors, especially in developing countries. Waste collectors are often the first line of defence against plastic pollution, ensuring materials are collected and recycled instead of ending up in oceans or landfills. Delegates emphasized the need to improve their working conditions, ensure fair wages, and provide access to resources that make their work safer and more efficient.

4. Keeping the Momentum Alive

Though the treaty wasn’t finalized, countries agreed to meet again in 2025, using the progress made in Busan as a starting point. This keeps the conversation moving forward, which is crucial in such a big global effort.

The Not-So-Good

1. Disagreement on Plastic Production

Some countries, like the U.S., China, and India, were hesitant to agree to strict limits on how much plastic can be produced. They argued it could hurt industries and jobs. On the other hand, nations like the EU and Mexico wanted to focus on reducing production to tackle pollution at its source. This disagreement slowed progress.

2. No Clear Plan for Funding

Developing nations need financial help to manage plastic waste better, but there was no concrete agreement on how to provide this support. Without funding, many of the treaty’s goals could remain out of reach for these countries.

3. Lack of Accountability

One big question remains unanswered: How will countries be held accountable for their actions? Without clear rules and consequences, it’s hard to ensure everyone sticks to their commitments.

4. Tension in the Room

The talks highlighted a divide between countries that depend heavily on plastic production for their economies and those pushing for stricter environmental measures. This clash made it harder to find common ground.

What Needs to Happen Next

As we head toward the next session in 2025 (often referred to as INC-5.2), there are clear lessons to take forward:

1. Find Middle Ground Countries must balance environmental goals with economic realities. Investing in plastic recycling and sustainable alternatives can help reduce reliance on virgin plastic without harming industries.

2. Support for Developing Countries Richer nations need to step up and provide the funding and technology poorer nations need to fight plastic pollution effectively.

3. Stronger Commitment Clear rules, accountability, and enforcement measures are essential to make this treaty work.

Why This Matters?

Plastic pollution is a global crisis. It clogs our oceans, harms wildlife, and even finds its way into our food and water. INC-5 was an important step, but it showed just how hard it is to get the world to agree on big changes. We need everyone—countries, businesses, and individuals—to do their part.

The next session in 2025 will be critical. It’s our chance to turn ideas into action and create a treaty that not only reduces plastic pollution but also ensures a cleaner, healthier future for all. The world can’t afford to wait any longer.